中药补气活血方离子导入配合穴位按摩治疗糖尿病周围神经病变效果观察

目的:探讨中药离子导入联合穴位按摩应用在糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效及应用价值。方法:选取2016年1月至2018年10月西宁市城北区中医院收治的糖尿病周围神经病变210例作为研究对象,按照治疗方案不同分为对照组和观察组,每组105例,对照组给予西医基础治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合中药离子导入与穴位按摩治疗,比较2组治疗效果。结果:观察组患者治疗总有效率为97.14%显著高于对照组的86.67%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后肢体麻木评分(1.53±0.11)分,肢体疼痛评分(1.34±0.12)分,倦怠乏力评分(1.23±0.14)分,手足畏寒评分(1.33±0.14)分;对照组疗后肢体麻木评分(2.06±0.38)分,肢体疼痛评分(1.96±0.34)分,倦怠乏力评分(1.84±0.37)分,手足畏寒评分(1.85±0.32)分,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后尺神经传导速度(51.68±3.75)m/s,胫神经传导速度(39.96±2.98)m/s,腓总神经传导速度(38.43±2.88)m/s;对照组治疗后尺神经传导速度(45.32±2.86)m/s,胫神经传导速度(37.04±2.41)m/s,腓总神经传导速度(35.06±2.19)m/s,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中药离子导入联合穴位按摩应用在糖尿病周围神经病变可以提升临床疗效,改善神经传导素,减轻临床症状评分,值得在临床推广应用。     

江西省锐尖山香圆亲缘关系与群体结构的ISSR分析

目的:利用简单序列重复区间扩增多态性(ISSR)分子标记技术对江西省锐尖山香圆进行亲缘关系和遗传结构分析,为该药材资源的保护和利用提供理论依据。方法:采集江西省4个县6个采样地的22份锐尖山香圆叶片样本,利用试剂盒法提取基因组DNA。利用64条通用ISSR分子标记引物进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增,运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)方法检测条带。选择NTsys 2. 10e软件,采用非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)计算遗传相似系数并聚类分析。利用Structure 2. 1软件分析群体遗传结构。结果:有48条ISSR引物扩增后获得了产物,多态性条带百分率处于45. 45%～100%。UPGMA聚类分析表明4个县的锐尖山香圆资源不能按照行政区域划分分别聚为一类,群体遗传结构分析表明22份锐尖山香圆群体可以划分为3个类群。结论:江西省锐尖山香圆群体间存在着基因交流,会影响该药材不同地理来源种质资源的遗传结构组成。     

Excitability of motor and sensory axons in multifocal motor neuropathy

ObjectiveTo assess excitability differences between motor and sensory axons of affected nerves in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN).MethodsWe performed motor and sensory excitability tests in affected median nerves of 20 MMN patients and in 20 age-matched normal subjects. CMAPs were recorded from the thenar and SNAPs from the 3rd digit. Clinical tests included assessment of muscle strength, two-point discrimination and joint position.ResultsAll MMN patients had weakness of the thenar muscle and normal sensory tests. Motor excitability testing in MMN showed an increased threshold for a 50% CMAP, increased rheobase, decreased stimulus-response slope, fanning-out of threshold electrotonus, decreased resting I/V slope, shortened refractory period, and more pronounced superexcitability. Sensory excitability testing in MMN revealed decreased accommodation half-time and S2-accommodation and less pronounced subexcitability. Mathematical modeling indicated increased Barrett-Barrett conductance for motor fibers and increase in internodal fast potassium conductance for sensory fibers.ConclusionsExcitability findings in MMN suggest myelin sheath or paranodal seal involvement in motor fibers and, possibly, paranodal detachment in sensory fibers.SignificanceExcitability properties of affected nerves in MMN differ between motor and sensory nerve fibers.     

伞骨草利尿抗炎活性及急性毒性研究＊

目的 研究伞骨草水提物的利尿和抗炎作用，以及利尿后对电解质平衡、糖代谢及肾脏功能的影响，并对伞骨草水提物安全性进行初步评价。方法 采用小鼠代谢笼法，检测盐水负荷小鼠在给药6 h后的排尿量，并分析小鼠尿液中离子浓度、血清中糖原、尿素氮和肌酐的变化；采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法，计算耳廓肿胀度及肿胀抑制率，角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀法，计算足趾肿胀率，小鼠急性毒性试验初步评价伞骨草水提物的安全性。结果 与对照组比较，伞骨草水提物能明显增加小鼠的排尿量，尿液中K⁺、Cl^-的浓度明显增加，高剂量组Na⁺、Ca²⁺浓度明显增加；伞骨草对小鼠血清中的糖原、尿素氮和肌酐均无明显影响；伞骨草中、高剂量对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶所致大鼠足趾肿胀具有明显的抑制作用；伞骨草水提物24 h内小鼠单次灌胃给药急性毒性试验的LD₅₀为：12.33 g·kg^-1（相当于生药82.15 g·kg^-1），动物在4 h内出现毒性反应，主要表现为主要表现为腹泻、俯卧、竖毛、运动失调、死亡，腹泻至给药第2天恢复。结论 伞骨草水提物具有明显的利尿和抗炎作用，并且对机体的血糖水平和肾脏功能无明显影响。     

《伤寒杂病论》黄连黄芩药对应用规律探究

黄连配黄芩是苦寒燥湿药物相须配伍的经典药对,《伤寒杂病论》中含有黄连黄芩药对的方剂共9首,涉及条文12条,共12个症状,依次是:心下痞(5次)、下利(4次)、呕吐(3次)、肠鸣(3次)、心烦(2次)、出汗(2次)、干噫食臭(1次)、失眠(1次)、出血(1次)、恶寒(1次)、喘(1次)、狐■(1次)。症状不同,配伍的药物选择也各不相同。量效关系方面,黄连在清心火、安心神时用量最重,达到四两,辅以黄芩二两,二者比例为2∶1;治疗病机以湿热为主的呕吐、下利时,黄连、黄芩的剂量均为三两,二者比例为1∶1;治疗寒热错杂痞证时,黄连仅用一两,黄芩仍为三两,二者比例为1∶3;治疗无形邪热阻滞中焦之热气痞或出血证,黄连、黄芩用量仅为一两,二者比例为1∶1。黄连、黄芩各自的剂量大小与两药在全书中的用药规律具有相关性。     

The chondrocyte channelome: A narrative review

Chondrocytes are the main cells in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage and possess a highly differentiated phenotype that is the hallmark of the unique physiological functions of this specialised load-bearing connective tissue. The plasma membrane of articular chondrocytes contains a rich and diverse complement of membrane proteins, known as the membranome, which defines the cell surface phenotype of the cells. The membranome is a key target of pharmacological agents and is important for chondrocyte function. It includes channels, transporters, enzymes, receptors, and anchors for intracellular, cytoskeletal and ECM proteins and other macromolecular complexes. The chondrocyte channelome is a sub-compartment of the membranome and includes a complete set of ion channels and porins expressed in these cells. Many of these are multi-functional proteins with “moonlighting” roles, serving as channels, receptors and signalling components of larger molecular assemblies. The aim of this review is to summarise our current knowledge of the fundamental aspects of the chondrocyte channelome, discuss its relevance to cartilage biology and highlight its possible role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Excessive and inappropriate mechanical loads, an inflammatory micro-environment, alternative splicing of channel components or accumulation of basic calcium phosphate crystals can result in an altered chondrocyte channelome impairing its function. Alterations in Ca²⁺ signalling may lead to defective synthesis of ECM macromolecules and aggravated catabolic responses in chondrocytes, which is an important and relatively unexplored aspect of the complex and poorly understood mechanism of OA development.     

Nicotine smoking concentrations modulate GABAergic synaptic transmission in murine medial prefrontal cortex by activation of α7* and β2* nicotinic receptors

Nicotine is the major addictive component of cigarettes, reaching a brain concentration of ~300 nM during smoking of a single cigarette. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mechanisms underlying temporary changes of working memory during smoking are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether 300 nM nicotine modulates γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic synaptic transmission from pyramidal neurons of the output layer (V) of the murine medial PFC. We used patch clamp in vitro recording from C57BL/6 mice in the whole‐cell configuration to investigate the effect of nicotine on pharmacologically isolated GABAergic postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in the absence or presence of methyllycaconitine (MLA) or dihydro‐β‐erythroidine (DHβE), selective antagonists of α7‐ and β2‐containing (α7* and β2*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), respectively. Our results indicated that nicotine, alone or in the presence of MLA, decreases electrically evoked IPSC (eIPSC) amplitude, whereas in the presence of DHβE, nicotine elicited either an eIPSCs amplitude increase or a decrease. In the presence of DHβE, nicotine increased membrane conductance leaving the paired pulse ratio unchanged in all conditions, suggesting a non‐β2* mediated effect. In the presence of MLA, nicotine decreased the mean spontaneous IPSC (sIPSC) frequency but increased their rise time, suggesting a non‐α7* AChR‐mediated synaptic modulation. Also, in the presence of DHβE, nicotine decreased both eIPSC rise and decay times. No receptors other than α7* and β2* appear to be involved in the nicotine effect. Our results indicate that nicotine smoking concentrations modulate GABAergic synaptic currents through mixed pre‐ and post‐synaptic mechanisms by activation of α7* and β2* AChRs.     

关节腔渗透压调控骨关节炎的研究进展

骨关节炎是一种慢性、进行性、不可逆性的关节退行性疾病,是一种中老年人的常见疾病,被认为是全球致残率较高的疾病之一。近年来,随着经济发展和人口老龄化,骨关节炎的患者数量在不断增加,这也让骨关节炎在临床上得到了极大的重视。而临床上治疗骨关节炎的一个关键性问题是关节软骨的丢失和难以自我修复。渗透压可以通过调节细胞体积和调控离子通道影响软骨细胞的生理代谢,从而影响关节软骨的损伤和修复。这一过程可能在骨关节炎发生发展中起到了重要作用。本文就离子通道、渗透压和骨关节炎三者间的相关性作一综述。